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Counting and Whole Numbers

In this lesson you’ll practice counting whole numbers forward and backward and get comfortable reading and writing numbers from 0 to 100.

Whole numbers are the counting numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4… (no fractions or negatives here).

Counting forward (adding 1 each time): 0 → 1 → 2 → 3 → … Counting backward (subtracting 1 each time): 10 → 9 → 8 → 7 → …

Skip-counting (counting by 2s, 5s, 10s) helps see patterns:

  • By 2s: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10…
  • By 5s: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20…
  • By 10s: 0, 10, 20, 30…

Here’s what skip-counting by 5s looks like on a number line, where each jump moves 5 spaces forward:

And skip-counting by 10s, bigger jumps, same idea:

Reading numbers:

  • 23 = twenty-three
  • 45 = forty-five
  • 100 = one hundred

Writing numbers: Say it, then write it. “sixty-seven” = 67.

Count forward by 5s to 50: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50.

Count backward from 30 by 3s: 30, 27, 24, 21, 18, 15, 12, 9, 6, 3, 0.

On a number line, counting backward means jumping left. Here’s the first step from 30 back to 27:

Read and write: “eighty-nine” = 89 “forty-two” = 42

Counting is used constantly:

  • Pages in a book or report (page 1 to page 100)
  • Money: counting coins or bills (quarters = 25 cents each)
  • Time: counting hours worked or minutes left
  • Shopping: counting items in your cart or people in line

Skip-counting helps with patterns: money by 5s (nickels), 10s (dimes), or 100s (dollars).

What number comes after 19 when counting forward?
Count backward from 12 by 1s. What is the third number?
How many pages if a book has 45 pages?
Skip-count by 10s to 50. Which number is missing: 0, 10, 20, __, 40, 50?
What number comes before 100 when counting by 1s?